background ochratoxins belong to a group of mycotoxins produced as the secondary metabolites by filamentous fungi, such as aspergillus and penicillium. these toxins may be teratogenic, mutagenic, hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, and may have immunosuppressive effects and pose a serious health problems to exposed humans and animals. objectives the present study aimed to determine the level of ochratoxi...

Introduction: Donor milk is a new emerging phenomenon in Iran and its banks are currently operating at a limited level. Nurses’ knowledge and attitudes toward this issue play a very important role in the adoption of human donor milk by families. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge and attitude of nurses working in neonatal intensive care units   regarding the use of human donor...

different contraceptive methods are used by breastfeeding mothers. to investigate the effects of progestogen - only contraceptives on human milk components, a non-randomized, follow-up study was carried out in iran (varamin) on 140 breastfeeding women, 51 of whom used progestogenonly contraception including progestogen-only pills (pop) or depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (dmpa), and 89 used non...

Background: It is known that Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) contamination in milk can have carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic activities especially in liver for both children and adults. The main aim of this survey was to investigate the incidence of AFM1 in human and cow milk in Kashan, Iran. Methods: A total of 42 breast milk samples were collected from a central hospital in Kashan city during 3-...

human milk contains all of the constituents that are required for the optimal growth and development of a neonate. it supports the development of brain, immune, and physiological systems. this study aimed to consider the significance of breast milk in preventing oxidative stress by comparing total antioxidant capacity (tac) in breast and formula milk for premature infants, demonstrating the rel...

Background  The mammary gland in humans is a dynamic organ that undergoes significant developmental changes during pregnancy, lactation, and involution. Stem cells derived from human breast milk possess the adult stem cell-like characteristics such as self-renewal, proliferative and differentiate potential. This source of stem cells avoids invasive procedures and the ethical controversy of emb...

backgrounds and aims: healthy milk and dairy products are important in human nutrition  because of the high value of the food. contaminated raw milk is the mainly way of transmition of brucellosis to humans.unpasteurized milk and dairy products can contagion to human and cause mallta fever. so brucellosis is an important zoonotic disease in human and animals especially domestic animals. the aim...